One, what are the main factors affecting the quality of daily ceramic products?
1、The impact and limitations of the process.
If the daily ceramic process is not up to par, the ceramic glaze cannot fully melt, and the reaction between the glaze and the ceramic body further causes some components in the glaze to volatilize. This prevents the glaze from achieving a uniform structure like glass, which in turn affects the glaze's gloss. Additionally, if the glaze's viscosity is too high, it will retain some air bubbles, which will affect the smoothness of the glaze surface.
2、Impact of the raw material
Due to the close relationship between the ceramic body and the glaze, which are interdependent, the properties of the ceramic body significantly influence the properties of the glaze. The interaction between the two results in the dissolution and dispersion of part of the glaze, and the surface patterns on the ceramic body affect the smoothness of the glaze surface. At high temperatures, reactions occur between the components of the ceramic body and between the ceramic body and the glaze, releasing gases through the glaze layer. If these gases are not adequately released, they can remain trapped within the glaze, leading to pits and changes in the glaze's properties.
3、Impact of Impurities
To enhance the adhesion of the glaze and the suspension properties of the glaze slurry, a certain amount of clay raw materials are typically included in the glaze formulation.
However, the introduction of these clay raw materials can lead to an increase in the presence of mica-like impurities and free quartz particles in the glaze layer. Due to the fact that these micas and free quartz particles are difficult to grind fine, have relatively coarse particles, and are not easily dissolved at high temperatures, they often remain in crystalline form within the glaze. This reduces the refractive index of the glaze and, during cooling, causes volumetric changes, which can lead to "cracking" in the glaze layer, thereby affecting the glaze gloss of daily ceramics.
II. Quality Inspection Standards for Daily Ceramics
1. Deformation: Refers to ceramic products that do not conform to the specified design.
2、Misalignment of the mouth and ear supports: Refers to the situation where the height of the supports for the mouth and ears are uneven or misaligned.
3、Pits: Refers toSubsurface lumps on unfired ceramic solid-like protrusions.
4、Cracks: Refers to hollow bubbles that protrude from beneath the glazed body.
5、Mud residue: Refers to mud particles and glaze residue remaining on the molded product, which causes defects.
6、Defects: This refers to the incomplete or flawed appearance of the molded part.
7、Glaze bubble: refers to small bubbles on the surface of the glaze.
8、Water blisters: This refers to the appearance of a series of small bubbles along the edges of ceramic products.
9、Cracking: This refers to the local detachment of the green body during firing due to improper moisture control before entering the kiln.
10、Cracking: Refers to the phenomenon of cracking on the surface of ceramic products due to the application of a glaze.
11、Cracks: These are patterned defects formed on the substrate due to the cracking of the ceramic or glaze. They are categorized into three types: - Cracks covered by the glaze, known as "internal cracks." - Cracks in the glaze without cracks in the substrate, known as "glaze cracks." - Cracks in both the substrate and the glaze, known as "substrate and glaze cracks."
12、Molten Pores: Pores that are formed when fusible materials melt during firing.
13. Stains: Refers to colored spots or blemishes that appear on the surface of ceramic products. These are also known as "iron spots."
14、Pores: Refers to the small holes (also known as "pig's eye pores" or "needle pores") that appear on the glazed surface.
15、Flaking: Refers to ceramic products with glaze adhering to ceramic fragments, dust, and other debris.
16、Bottom edge debris: Refers to fine debris adhering to the edges of ceramic products.
17、Needle marks: traces of the supporting body remaining on the product.
18、Scars: Cracks or imperfections formed on the molded object due to adhesion with external materials during firing.
19、 Scorching: A rough, yellowish-brown surface caused by soot and ash from flames.
20、Glaze failure：Localized glaze failure on ceramic products.。
21、Orange Peel Finish: Refers to a surface finish resembling the texture of orange peel.
22、Mud-glaze ripple: Refers to the ripple-like phenomenon where the body and glaze surface locally protrude.
23、Thin glaze: Refers to a localized appearance on the surface of ceramic products where the glaze layer is not uniformly glossy due to the glaze itself.
24、Discoloration: Refers to the presence of unwanted extraneous colors on the surface of ceramic products.
25. Uneven color: Refers to inconsistent color saturation or brightness within the same pattern, or a dull appearance caused by insufficient curing.
26、Defective lines and edges: Refers to instances where lines and edges, which are decorated with lines, are defective.
27、Defects: Refers to incomplete or discolored areas on the surface.
28、Burnt glaze stains: Refers to colored stains and glaze damage on ceramic products that have been glazed during the burning process.
29、Bottom foot discoloration: Refers to the bottom foot becoming discolored due to the adhesion of other impurities.
30、Discoloration at the mouthpiece and ear handle joint: Refers to the color difference between the putty paste at the mouthpiece and ear handle joint and the color of the product itself.
31、Gypsum contamination: Refers to the discoloration of the molded product caused by the presence of gypsum.
32、Blue-gold: The blue color caused by excessive metal thinning.
33、Smoked appearance: Refers to the grayish or brownish appearance of ceramic products caused by localized or complete discoloration.
34、Yellowing: Refers to the yellowing of ceramic products, either locally or entirely.
35、Gloss Damage: Refers to the appearance of streaks and localized loss of gloss on ceramic products.
36、Impact: Refers to the localized damage or breakage of ceramic products caused by impact, also known as "serious damage."
37、Roll marks: Refers to the arc-shaped marks produced during rolling or cutting processes.
38、Wavy pattern: Refers to the wavy pattern that appears on ceramic products due to unevenness in the glaze surface.