One, are water-based putties also water-resistant?
No.
Putty can generally be divided into oil-based putty and water-based putty. The putty that people usually refer to is "water-based putty", so water-based putty is also a synonym for putty.
Putty can be classified by performance, including waterproof putty, crack-resistant putty powder, and elastic putty. Waterproof putty, also known as waterproof putty, is a type of building putty that specifically meets the N-type standard specified in the "Building Interior Putty" (JG/T298-2010) standard, which refers to waterproof putty standards. It is widely used in wood processing, high-end furniture manufacturing, and export furniture production, and can meet the requirements of use in humid and cold areas.

Two, which is better: oil-based putty or water-based putty?
Alkyd putty is a putty based on a neutral oil, consisting of neutral oil materials such as rosin or flaxseed oil, along with resins such as rosin, glycerin, phenol resin, alkyd resin, or epoxy resin, and fillers. Alkyd putty is used to fill and bond wider gaps, and also to fill in imperfections and voids on surfaces before painting.
Water-based putty is made by mixing water-based resin with pigments. If you need to create putty in a specific color, you can simply add the pigment directly to the putty.
Water-based putty powder is a super-fine powder that can be mixed with high-performance materials such as water-soluble resins, fillers, and water-based pigments to create a paste-like putty. Water-based putty powder has a wide range of applications, including filling holes, repairing cracks, filling wood knots, and finishing edges. It is an ideal product for pre-treatment of wood products such as furniture, flooring, doors, windows, stairs, display cabinets, construction, handicrafts, gypsum boards, tongue-and-groove boards, particleboard, plywood, and engineered wood before applying a topcoat.
In summary, oil-based putty and water-based putty have their own characteristics and applications, and the appropriate choice should be made based on the specific needs.